@import url('https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=DM+Sans:wght@400;500;600;700&family=Libre+Caslon+Display&family=Noto+Sans+Arabic:wght@400;500;700&display=swap');
:root{--ink:#112b36;--muted:#677b84;--line:#dce4e6;--bg:#f5f7f7;--green:#08766b;--gold:#b18c49}*{box-sizing:border-box}body{margin:0;background:var(--bg);color:var(--ink);font:14px 'DM Sans','Noto Sans Arabic',sans-serif}button,input,select{font:inherit}button,a{ -webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent}button{cursor:pointer}a{color:inherit;text-decoration:none}a:hover{color:var(--green)}button:focus-visible,a:focus-visible{outline:2px solid #129e91;outline-offset:4px}.shell{max-width:1440px;margin:auto;padding:0 44px}.top{background:#102e39;color:#c9d8dd;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.7px;padding:9px 0}.top .shell,.brandrow,.nav,.row,.sectionhead{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:16px}.brandrow{padding-block:25px;background:white}.brand{font-size:32px;letter-spacing:-1.4px;font-weight:700}.brand i{font-style:normal;color:var(--green)}.brandmark{display:inline-block;border:2px solid var(--green);border-radius:50%;width:27px;height:27px;margin-inline-end:8px;position:relative;vertical-align:-2px}.brandmark:after{content:'';position:absolute;inset:5px -5px;border-top:2px solid var(--green);border-bottom:2px solid var(--green);transform:rotate(-35deg)}.strap{color:var(--muted);font-size:10px;letter-spacing:2px;margin-top:6px}.controls{display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:center}.search{border:1px solid var(--line);background:#f7f9f9;padding:10px 14px;border-radius:4px;width:250px}button{border:1px solid var(--line);background:white;color:var(--ink);padding:9px 14px;border-radius:4px}.primary{background:var(--ink);color:white;border-color:var(--ink)}header{background:white}.nav{justify-content:flex-start;border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-block:0;gap:32px;overflow:auto}.nav a{padding:17px 0;white-space:nowrap;font-weight:600;font-size:13px;border-bottom:3px solid transparent}.nav a.active{border-color:var(--green);color:var(--green)}.ticker{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(6,1fr);background:white;border-block:1px solid var(--line)}.tick{padding:15px 20px;border-inline-end:1px solid var(--line)}.tick small{font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1px;color:var(--muted)}.tick strong{display:block;margin-top:5px}.up{color:var(--green)}.down{color:#b55149}.tick span{font-size:11px;margin-inline-start:8px}.notice{font-size:11px;color:#79613c;background:#f4efe4;padding:9px 14px;margin-top:22px;border-inline-start:3px solid var(--gold)}main{padding-block:28px 60px}.eyebrow{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.8px;color:var(--green);font-weight:700;text-transform:uppercase}h1{font:56px/1.05 'Libre Caslon Display',Georgia,serif;letter-spacing:-1.5px;margin:10px 0 14px}h2{font-size:23px;letter-spacing:-.6px;margin:0}h3{font-size:18px;line-height:1.4;margin:12px 0}.muted{color:var(--muted)}.intro{margin-bottom:28px}.intro p{color:var(--muted);font-size:15px}.layout{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,2.2fr) minmax(280px,1fr);gap:26px}.hero{background:#102f3b;border-radius:5px;overflow:hidden;color:white;padding:30px;position:relative;min-height:330px}.hero h2{font:38px/1.1 'Libre Caslon Display',Georgia,serif;max-width:390px;position:relative;z-index:1}.hero p{max-width:390px;color:#c2d3d9;line-height:1.65}.hero .eyebrow{color:#99c9bf}.hero a{display:inline-block;border-bottom:1px solid #89b5ad;padding-bottom:7px;margin-top:16px}.orb{position:absolute;width:270px;height:270px;right:-50px;top:40px;border:1px solid #588b8a;border-radius:50%;opacity:.55;background:repeating-linear-gradient(0deg,transparent,transparent 28px,#37616a 29px,transparent 30px)}.orb:before,.orb:after{content:'';position:absolute;inset:0 55px;border:1px solid #588b8a;border-radius:50%}.orb:after{inset:0 95px}.hero svg{position:absolute;bottom:20px;right:0;width:60%;opacity:.4}.card{background:white;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:5px;padding:22px}.sectionhead{margin:30px 0 16px}.sectionhead a{font-size:12px;color:var(--green)}.tabs{display:flex;gap:6px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:16px 0}.tabs button{font-size:12px;padding:7px 12px}.tabs button.selected{color:white;background:var(--ink)}table{width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;text-align:start}th{font-size:10px;color:var(--muted);font-weight:500;letter-spacing:.6px;text-align:start;padding:12px 8px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}td{padding:14px 8px;border-bottom:1px solid #eef1f2;font-size:13px}tr:last-child td{border:0}.tablewrap{overflow:auto}.spark{width:90px;height:25px}.event{padding:16px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);display:flex;gap:14px}.event:last-child{border:0}.time{font-size:12px;color:var(--muted);min-width:42px}.event strong{font-size:13px;display:block}.event small{color:var(--muted);font-size:11px}.impact{color:var(--gold);font-size:10px;margin-top:5px}.storygrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:18px}.story{display:block;background:white;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:5px;overflow:hidden}.art{height:130px;background:#e4eceb;position:relative;overflow:hidden;display:flex;align-items:end;padding:15px}.art span{font:72px Georgia;color:#789c98;line-height:1}.art.b{background:#e9e8e1}.art.c{background:#e1e9f0}.art:after{content:'';position:absolute;inset:20px 20px 0 40%;border:1px solid #a3b7b6;transform:skew(-15deg);box-shadow:20px 20px 0 #bccbc74d,40px 40px 0 #bccbc74d}.storybody{padding:20px}.story h3{font-size:19px}.story p{color:var(--muted);line-height:1.6;font-size:13px}.meta{font-size:10px;color:var(--muted);margin-top:20px}.countries{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);gap:12px}.country{padding:18px;background:white;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:4px}.country strong{display:block;margin:9px 0}.country small{color:var(--muted)}.feature{background:#e8efed;padding:24px;margin-top:24px;border-radius:5px}.feature p{color:var(--muted);line-height:1.7}.article{max-width:850px;margin:auto}.article p{font-size:17px;line-height:1.9}.article h1{font-size:50px}.article h2{margin-top:30px}.empty{padding:50px;text-align:center;color:var(--muted)}footer{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding:28px 0;color:var(--muted);font-size:12px}.footerlinks{display:flex;gap:20px;margin:20px 0}html[dir=rtl] h1,html[dir=rtl] .hero h2,html[dir=rtl] .article h1{font-family:'Noto Sans Arabic',sans-serif;line-height:1.5;letter-spacing:0}html[dir=rtl] .orb{right:auto;left:-50px}html[dir=rtl] .strap{letter-spacing:0}html[dir=rtl] .hero h2{font-size:30px}html[dir=rtl] h1{font-size:40px}@media(max-width:1000px){.shell{padding-inline:24px}.layout{grid-template-columns:1fr}.ticker{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr)}.search{width:180px}.countries{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr)}}@media(max-width:600px){.shell{padding-inline:16px}.brandrow{flex-wrap:wrap;padding-block:18px}.brand{font-size:28px}.controls{width:100%}.search{flex:1;width:100px}.nav{gap:24px}.ticker{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr)}.tick{padding:12px 8px}.tick span{display:block;margin:3px 0}.top{font-size:9px}.strap{font-size:8px}h1{font-size:43px}.hero{padding:24px}.hero h2{font-size:33px}.orb{opacity:.2}.storygrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}.art{height:110px}.countries{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr)}.card{padding:15px}.sectionhead h2{font-size:21px}.article h1{font-size:37px}.footerlinks{flex-wrap:wrap}}

/* Gold identity rotates around its vertical axis, like a coin. */
.brandcoin{display:inline-block;width:48px;height:48px;margin-inline-end:10px;vertical-align:middle;perspective:360px;line-height:0}
.brandcoin img{display:block;width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:contain;transform-origin:50% 50%;animation:cy-coin-turn 9s linear infinite;backface-visibility:visible}
@keyframes cy-coin-turn{from{transform:rotateY(0deg)}to{transform:rotateY(360deg)}}
@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.brandcoin img{animation:none}}
@media(max-width:600px){.brandcoin{width:40px;height:40px;margin-inline-end:8px}}
.metrics{grid-template-columns:repeat(5,1fr)}.explorer-controls{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);gap:14px;margin:24px 0}.explorer-controls label{font-size:12px;color:var(--muted)}.explorer-controls select{display:block;width:100%;padding:11px 8px;background:white;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:4px;margin-top:7px;color:var(--ink)}.economic-svg{width:100%;height:auto;min-height:200px;font:11px 'DM Sans',sans-serif;fill:#677b84}.chartlegend{display:flex;gap:22px;margin-bottom:12px}.source-line{font-size:11px;color:var(--muted);line-height:1.8}.source-line a{color:var(--green)}details{margin-top:20px}summary{cursor:pointer;padding:12px;background:var(--bg)}.tradingview-widget-copyright{font-size:11px;color:var(--muted);padding:6px}#chart-widget,#calendar-widget{direction:ltr}@media(max-width:900px){.metrics{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr)}.explorer-controls{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr)}}@media(max-width:600px){.metrics{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr)}.explorer-controls{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}.card>.row{flex-wrap:wrap}#chart-widget{height:460px!important}.economic-svg{min-height:160px}}
.indicator-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:18px}.indicator-card{display:block}.indicator-card p{line-height:1.8}.indicator-card:hover{border-color:var(--green)}.guide-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:20px;margin-bottom:22px}.guide-grid p{line-height:1.85;color:var(--muted)}@media(max-width:900px){.indicator-grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr)}}@media(max-width:600px){.indicator-grid,.guide-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}.nav{gap:22px}}
.report-art{height:140px;background:#12333d;color:#bbd4cc;padding:22px;position:relative;overflow:hidden}.report-art:after{content:'';position:absolute;inset:20px -20px -40px 55%;border:1px solid #557b79;border-radius:50%;box-shadow:0 0 0 20px #557b791a,0 0 0 40px #557b791a}.report-art span{font:48px Georgia;color:#d8bd80}.report-art div{margin-top:14px;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.5px}.reading{max-width:1150px;margin:auto}.reading h1{max-width:1000px}.standfirst{font-size:20px;line-height:1.65;color:var(--muted);max-width:900px}.reading-meta{font-size:12px;color:var(--muted)}.reading-actions{display:flex;gap:12px;align-items:center;margin:24px 0 35px;flex-wrap:wrap}.reading-actions a{color:var(--green);font-size:12px}.reading-layout{display:grid;grid-template-columns:220px minmax(0,1fr);gap:45px}.reading-toc{align-self:start;position:sticky;top:20px;border:1px solid var(--line);padding:20px;background:white;border-radius:5px}.reading-toc a{display:block;font-size:12px;line-height:1.8;margin-top:14px;color:var(--muted)}.reading-body p{font-size:17px;line-height:1.95}.reading-body section{margin-bottom:35px;scroll-margin-top:25px}.reading-body h2{margin-bottom:16px}.reading-body .source-line{font-size:12px}.source-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:16px}.taglink{border:1px solid var(--line);padding:12px;border-radius:4px;background:white}.reading-body td{font-size:14px}@media(max-width:750px){.reading-layout{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:20px}.reading-toc{position:static}.source-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}.reading h1{font-size:38px}.standfirst{font-size:17px}.reading-body p{font-size:16px}}
.global-search-form{display:flex;gap:12px;max-width:800px;margin:25px 0}.global-search-form input,.directory-search{border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:5px;padding:14px;background:white;color:var(--ink);font:inherit}.global-search-form input{flex:1;min-width:0}.directory-search{width:min(100%,400px);margin-top:12px}.search-results{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:18px}.search-link{font-size:12px;color:var(--green)}@media(max-width:700px){.search-results{grid-template-columns:1fr}.controls .search{min-width:0}.search-link{font-size:11px}}
.instrument-facts{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);gap:1px;background:var(--line);border:1px solid var(--line);margin:20px 0;border-radius:4px;overflow:hidden}.instrument-facts>div{background:white;padding:20px}.instrument-facts small{font-size:10px;letter-spacing:.8px;color:var(--muted)}.instrument-facts strong{display:block;margin-top:10px;font-size:14px}@media(max-width:650px){.instrument-facts{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr)}.instrument-facts>div{padding:15px}#instrument-chart{height:460px!important}}
.instrument-watch,.watch-summary{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:16px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-bottom:22px}.instrument-watch>span,.watch-feedback{font-size:12px;color:var(--green)}.watch-feedback{min-height:22px;margin-bottom:10px}.watch-summary{padding:20px;background:#e8efed;border-radius:5px}.watch-summary>a{margin-inline-start:auto;color:var(--green)}.watch-card-actions{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;flex-wrap:wrap}button:disabled{opacity:.5;cursor:not-allowed}.instrument-watch>a{color:var(--green)}
.home-shortcuts{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);gap:12px;margin-bottom:30px}.home-shortcuts a{padding:17px;background:#e8efed;border:1px solid #cfddd8;border-radius:4px;font-weight:600;color:var(--green)}.release-calculator h2{margin-top:12px}.release-calculator input{display:block;width:100%;padding:11px 8px;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:4px;margin-top:7px;font:inherit}.release-calculator .feature p{margin:10px 0}.release-calculator .feature small{line-height:1.7}@media(max-width:700px){.home-shortcuts{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr)}.home-shortcuts a{padding:13px;font-size:12px}}
.longform{max-width:1240px;margin:auto}.longform>h1{max-width:1060px;font-size:52px;line-height:1.12}.longform>.standfirst{max-width:960px}.article-banner{margin:26px 0 38px}.article-banner img{display:block;width:100%;aspect-ratio:16/9;height:auto;object-fit:cover;border-radius:5px}.article-banner figcaption{font-size:11px;color:var(--muted);margin-top:8px}.guide-cards{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:22px}.guide-card>img{display:block;width:100%;height:auto;aspect-ratio:16/9;object-fit:cover}.guide-card h3{font-size:21px;line-height:1.4}.guide-card .storybody{padding:22px}.longform .reading-layout{grid-template-columns:245px minmax(0,790px);gap:42px}.longform .reading-toc{max-height:80vh;overflow:auto}.longform .reading-body p{font-size:18px;line-height:1.9;margin:0 0 22px}.longform .reading-body h2{font-size:27px;line-height:1.4;margin-top:8px}.longform .reading-body section{margin-bottom:38px}.references-box{padding:25px;background:#eaf0ee;border-radius:5px}.references-box li{margin-bottom:12px;line-height:1.6;overflow-wrap:anywhere}.references-box a{color:var(--green)}.learning-summary{display:flex;gap:24px;flex-wrap:wrap;padding:20px 22px;background:#e7eeec;border-radius:4px;margin-bottom:25px}.learning-summary span{color:var(--muted)}html[dir=rtl] .longform>h1{font-size:40px;line-height:1.6}html[dir=rtl] .longform .reading-body p{line-height:2.05}.back-link{font-size:12px;color:var(--green)}@media(max-width:950px){.guide-cards{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr))}.longform .reading-layout{grid-template-columns:1fr}.longform .reading-toc{position:static;max-height:none}.longform .reading-toc a{display:inline-block;margin:8px 12px 5px 0}.longform .reading-toc strong{display:block}}@media(max-width:600px){.guide-cards{grid-template-columns:1fr}.longform>h1{font-size:37px}.longform .reading-body p{font-size:16px}.longform .reading-body h2{font-size:23px}html[dir=rtl] .longform>h1{font-size:30px}.learning-summary{gap:10px;font-size:12px}.article-banner{margin-block:22px}.references-box{padding:18px}}

.research-image{display:block;width:100%;height:auto;aspect-ratio:16/9;object-fit:cover}.publication-dates{margin-top:22px}.publication-dates .meta{margin-top:8px}.data-year{font-size:13px;font-weight:500;color:#667981;letter-spacing:0}.publication-year{margin-top:10px}